Cultural Oppression Essay Example for Free

Social Oppression Essay Both African Americans and Asian Americans have endured racial separation, bondage, mistreatment, trouble in accepting citizenship despite the fact that their kids were conceived in the United States and difficulties in showing their social character. They encountered trouble in arranging themselves as absolutely American as a result of their outward appearance. In addition, they generally will in general feel offended that white Americans will consistently pass judgment on them by generalizations, not by what they truly are. African Americans have endured double cognizance in the United States, continually attempting to get social and monetary fairness, both as a Negro and an American. Albeit political fairness has been conceded to African Americans, they despite everything endured disparity as far as accomplishing social and financial riches. The impacts of social persecution on African Americans have put them at high likelihood of enduring proceeded with impediments to accomplish cultural strengthening and insistence. Nonetheless, the extravagance of African societies that place significance on aggregate way of life has helped African Americans to be acknowledged in the United States. Asian Americans were compelled to figure out how they could absorb themselves into various social society in the nation. The social persecution endured by Asian Americans has helped them to set up their own locale with the end goal for them to become independent. The effect of the Eastern ways of thinking, Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, on Asian culture has helped families to turn out to be in a fatherly way arranged and various leveled. The eminent motivation behind why a few Asians tend to maintain a strategic distance from discussion and conversation or to seem ambivalent is a result of these methods of reasoning that show them standards of congruity, equalization and harmony. This Asian culture has given them to act in a positive manner and to become familiar with the significance of having self-information about how others carry on towards them. Reference Information on Specific Cultural Groups. Recovered April 17, 2009, from http://training. byu. edu/assorted variety/culture. html.

Case Study for Integrated Library System- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Expound on theCase Study for Integrated Library System. Answer: Presentation Coordinated Library System (ILS) stays to be the computerized framework that normally involves the quantity of useful modules. A portion of the modules making up the Integrated Library System are acquisitions, serials, inventoriing, and course, alongside Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC). Nonetheless, all the mechanized frameworks that make up Integrated Library System have the practical modules that share a typical bibliographic database. There are different ways to deal with achieving the mix of the plan. As per Kumar (2016), Library framework can purchase the Integrated System that comprises of some practical modules from the single vendor.The library is likewise ready to buy the assortment of modules from the assortment of providers just as interconnect them. Coordinated Library System is a lot of like the network library that is likeness the arranging of assets inside the venture frameworks. Much of the time, Integrated Library System alludes to the enormous undertaking progra mming that will in general drive numerous tasks inside the business (McGrory et al., 2017). Subsequently, the essential point of this paper is to introduce the theoretical level perspective on exercises that are important to act in six of the center information territories of business investigation. They comprise of examination focusing on business arranging alongside checking, elicitation, just as coordinated effort, the board of necessities life cycle, investigation of procedure, necessities examination, and meaning of structure, along with assessment of arrangement. Moreover, the thoughts introduced on this paper target featuring the fundamental abilities along with apparatuses that are fitting for leading every one of the data segments. Arranging of business examination alongside instance of checking In each activity of an association, arranging of business examination alongside instance of checking approach is the main assignment in the introducing information to individuals. The associations that perform well consistently perceive the worth that the activities of the business examiners bring to a task with respect to conveying very much structured arrangements. Such arrangement must address the issues of partner just as satisfy destinations of business tasks. Nonetheless, business experts use arranging and observing exercises to satisfy such needs (Allgeier 2017). The necessities are attainable through demonstrated strategies for arranging approaches of business examination alongside control way through the whole existence of the arranged venture. The guide that prompts business investigation arranging along with observing follows the objective of the crowd. Laborers at any level wishing to make and refine abilities that apply to business investigation. A portion of the exercises that are important for business examination arranging and checking inside the Integrated Library System are assorted. A portion of the exercises incorporate the distinguishing proof arranging and checking. It additionally includes in perceiving the job of business experts about significant ideas when arranging alongside control occasions. During business examination, arranging along with control center exercises viable is the need to comprehend the target of the organization. Being fit for deciphering course is a fundamental factor in the Integrated Library System (Geng 2011). On the off chance that an individual doesn't have the foggiest idea what and all the more critically why there are approached to do a specific errand, at that point there is a hazard that they would not convey a portion of the basic thoughts. In this way, being an effective business expert arranging alongside observing, there is the requirement for each individual to have the assortme nt of variable abilities and be versatile to the ever-changing business condition. Additionally, every business arranging examination and observing will bring their selective mix of understanding alongside abilities to the job. For a person to act here of business examination arranging and observation, the individual in question needs to have superb relational abilities. They have to be able to run partner gatherings, be a decent audience, sharpen their introduction abilities, be amazing at overseeing time, having aptitudes for composing and documentation, just as building up their abilities for displaying (Al Hijj 2012). These procedures or exercises are effective gadgets to pass on the monstrous measure of data without fundamentally depending on text. The basic capabilities along with devices that is proper for directing Business Analysis Planning alongside Monitoring. Abilities and instruments stay to be the way of distinguishing the requirements of business and detailing useful answers for issues confronting business examiners. The employments of the arrangement for examination are fundamental in spite of the fact that arranging is irreplaceable. A portion of the fundamental abilities incorporate the need to choose the best and most fitting approachs alongside methods for each necessary improvement dependent on the requirements of the partners and tasks. Chase and Secor (2013) reports that, some hidden skills incorporate the need to create reliable prerequisites, picking up duties from every single invested individual to offer essential info and time. The pre-owned instruments like the arrangement for each movement help in imparting Business Analysis Planning alongside Monitoring responsibilities and set up the agreement with da ta innovation. In different cases, plan help in the making of the agreement with business partners. Moreover, Business Analysis Planning alongside Monitoring reacts to the advancement of undertaking in a best-sorted out way. The skills and apparatuses in making business investigation include arranging, inspiring and approving, documentation, and favoring each movement inside the corporate area. As indicated by Yi (2012), the segment that must be comprehensive and characterized in the Business Analysis Planning alongside Monitoring incorporate the extension, gauges, prerequisites advancement group, procedure, the board of progress necessities, and suppositions, conditions, alongside operational dangers. Elicitation and Collaboration With the geological separation among developers alongside clients' remaining parts to grow, a few people are the power to inspect the way they instruct others to think. Various exercises inside the Elicitation and Collaboration have powers various software engineers to adjust at both agreeable along with specialized aptitudes. The occasions likewise recommend that individuals needing the utilization of incorporated library framework to get ready to show different forthcoming software engineers how to function in community oriented settings. Such commitment helps in the advancement of necessities of each framework client. Elicitation alongside coordinated effort thoughts prompts the exercises that include the production of a PC upheld helpful issues (Lee 2012). The thoughts help in taking care of ecological issues intended to instruct different software engineers situated in different divisions on the best way to function as a group in playing out the necessities elicitation obligatio ns. Be that as it may, their requirements for Elicitation and Collaboration exceptionally relate. These prerequisites can be exerciseable all the more proficiently in the setting bolstered by the PC helpful. The interface inside the incorporated library framework that manages Elicitation and Collaboration empower community oriented execution that contains the two gatherings alongside singular entertainer. Subsequently, for activities to prevail in this center information zone of business examination, the software engineer must be prepared to figure out how to help out each other (Townsend 2011). The coordinated effort can be through the specific PC interface inside the registering framework. The employments of exercises like gathering interface have shown to be increasingly compelling in abilities when contrasted with bunches that play out similar obligations vis-à-vis. The board of necessities life cycle The requirement for the executives of life grouping applies to data framework advancement ventures. These ventures are fundamental in guaranteeing that all utilitarian, just as client needs, are reachable by the utilization of the organized and normalized process during each period of the existence pattern of the framework. As announced by Zamagni Cutaia (2015), library frameworks created by data innovation best practices are presumably to offer security just as execution that are long haul. The action to play out the center information on prerequisites life cycle the board depends enormously on item data and its ID. It is consistently fundamental for each action inside the business examination in coordinated library framework to do through investigating on the element of the item before recognizing the best thing to utilize. There is likewise the need to permit organizations to digitalize and coordinate whole modern worth chain in this center information on business examination (Lee 2012). A portion of the thoughts learned at this action can help individuals in the business area to digitalize their activities and coordinate their whole worth chain of the business through assembling process the executives and TIA hardware. The mix gets full help from Teamcenterthat can be any industry that leads inside the data area in the arrangement of fundamental plans to library settings. Each action inside this center information targets carrying accomplishment to the organization. The achievement can be feasible by utilizing strategies to hit the nail on the head when arranging prerequisites. A few exercises inside the necessary life cycle the board target improving the significant parts of methodologies or activities the executives inside an association (Lee 20120. These exercises incorporate the need to lessen operational expenses, to improve quality, to diminish term taken from control, diminishing dangers inside administration process, along with thoughts of empowering effective administration of extension. The necessities life cycle the executives exists to convey items and administrations through business forms. These prerequisites inside the business deco

Outline and Evaluate research into the effects of deprivation Essay

Hardship alludes the interruption of connection that has just been made. Bowlby has directed a contextual investigation of little John whose mother was admitted to the clinic and he demonstrated impact of momentary hardship. He found that he had experienced 3 phases which he called the PDD succession (Protest, Despair and Detachment). From the outset when he was isolated from his mom, he gave indications of dissent and he was crying, yelling and gives indications of urgent endeavors to get his mom to return. Be that as it may, after a timeframe, he seemed, by all accounts, to be more settled however gave indications of melancholy, these incorporate declining to eat and play. Finally, he dismissed his mom at gathering in spite of the fact that he looked OK on a superficial level. Analysis for the examination is that it is a contextual investigation of an individual, so it can't be summed up to people in general. Bowlbly has likewise directed an investigation on 44 adolescent cheats. He met 44 male high school criminal who showed affectionless psychopathy to check on the off chance that they have encountered early partition in the initial 2 years old. He has discovered that 12 out of 14 affectionless sociopaths had encountered drawn out partition from moms in the initial 2 years. Also, 5 out of 30 who were not affectionless maniacs had encountered hardship. So he had bounced to the end that hardship before the age of two will prompt love psycopathy and this backings his concept of basic period. Be that as it may, his supposition that is too large as he was attempting to draw a circumstances and logical results. He had not controlled the factors and this is just a relationship study. Additionally, he has not assessed what had occurred during the period between 2 years of age and adolescent years. The young men may have different encounters for example joined a pack and that had lead them into being affectionless insane people. Additionally, the example size is little and he has just utilized male members in his investigation, so the example isn't agent and this examination can't be summed up. Bowlby needed to utilize this investigation to verification his hypothesis and he utilized a meeting approach in this examination. He may have posed driving inquiry and lead the members into noting the appropriate responses that he needed. So this investigation may not be honest. What's more, this examination is review, which he had the members to discuss their past, and memory could be mutilated and may not offer exact response. Additionally, there might be potential self-serving predisposition in the high school young men as they might need to rationalize their conduct, so they may accuse the circumstance and make themselves to show up in great light. Besides, Bowlby has recommended a maternal hardship speculation. He suggested that a youngster needs constant nearness of an essential guardian in the principal 1.5 to 2 years old. Or probably they will experience the ill effects of long haul impacts of hardship, these incorporate mental hindrance, melancholy, affectionless psychopathy, and so forth. In any case, Rutters concentrate on privated Romanian vagrants has recommended impacts of privation can be defeated as it was demonstrated that there wasn’t long haul harming impacts in the vagrants after they have been embraced to a caring home.

Simple Dessiner (to Draw) Verb Conjugations in French

Straightforward Dessiner (to Draw) Verb Conjugations in French How might you say to attract French? In the event that you replied with the verbâ dessiner, at that point you would be right. At the point when you need to change this to the past tense drew or the current state drawing, at that point the action word should be conjugated. Fortunately this one is moderately direct. Conjugations of the French Verb Dessiner Dessinerâ is aâ regular - ER verbâ and it follows the most widely recognized action word conjugation design in the French language. You can utilize a similar infinitive endings you learn in this exercise and apply them to incalculable different words, includingâ demanderâ (to ask) andâ dinerâ (to eat). Prior to any conjugation, we should distinguish the action word stem and forâ dessiner, that isâ dessin-. To this, we can change it up of endings as indicated by the subject pronoun to enable our sentences to bode well. For instance, including a straightforward - eâ creates the present tenseâ jeâ form so I am drawing becomes je dessine. So also, we will draw becomes nous desinerons. Subject Present Future Defective je dessine dessinerai dessinais tu dessines dessineras dessinais il dessine dessinera dessinait nous dessinons dessinerons dessinions vous dessinez dessinerez dessiniez ils dessinent dessineront dessinaient The Present Participle of Dessiner Aâ quick change to a - antâ ending andâ dessinerâ is changed into theâ present participleâ dessinant. This is an action word, obviously, however you may likewise think that its helpful as a modifier, ing word, or thing on occasion. The Past Participle and Passã © Composã © For the past tense drew, the choices are the defective structure or theâ passã © composã ©. To frame the last mentioned, start by conjugating theâ auxiliary verbâ avoirâ to the subject pronoun, at that point include theâ past participleâ dessinã ©. The passã © composã © meets up rapidly: I drew is jai dessinã © and we drew is nous avons dessinã ©. More Simple Dessiner Conjugations to Learn As your French improves, you will discover utilizes for other straightforward structures ofâ dessinerâ as well. For example, when the activity is unsure, the subjunctive action word state of mind is utilized. In comparable style, if the drawing necessitates that something different likewise occurs, you can go to the contingent action word structure. The passã © basic is principally found in writing, similar to the blemished subjunctive. While you may not utilize these specifically, acquainting yourself with them will help your understanding appreciation. Subject Subjunctive Restrictive Pass Simple Blemished Subjunctive je dessine dessinerais dessinai dessinasse tu dessines dessinerais dessinas dessinasses il dessine dessinerait dessina dessint nous dessinions dessinerions dessinmes dessinassions vous dessiniez dessineriez dessintes dessinassiez ils dessinent dessineraient dessinrent dessinassent To useâ dessinerâ in short, direct proclamations, the basic structure is utilized. In this conjugation, keep things straightforward and disregard including the subject pronoun: use dessine instead of tu dessine. Basic (tu) dessine (nous) dessinons (vous) dessinez

Death Valley, the Lowest and Hottest Place in the U.S.

Demise Valley, the Lowest and Hottest Place in the U.S. Demise Valley is a huge piece of the Mojave Desert situated in California close to its outskirt with Nevada. The greater part of Death Valley is in Inyo County, California and includes the majority of Death Valley National Park. Passing Valley is huge to the United States geology since it is viewed as the absolute bottom in the touching U.S. at a height of - 282 feet (- 86 m). The district is likewise one of the most sultry and driest in the nation. The Vast Area Demise Valley has a region of around 3,000 square miles (7,800 sq km) and runs from the north toward the south. It is limited by the Amargosa Range toward the east, the Panamint Range toward the west, the Sylvania Mountains toward the north and the Owlshead Mountains toward the south. From Lowest to Highest Demise Valley is found just 76 miles (123 km) from Mount Whitney, the most elevated point in the touching U.S. at 14,505 feet (4,421 m). The Climate The atmosphere of Death Valley is dry and in light of the fact that it is limited by mountains on all sides, hot, dry air masses frequently get caught in the valley. Thusly, amazingly hot temperatures are normal in the territory. The most smoking temperature at any point recorded in Death Valley was 134Â °F (57.1Â °C) at Furnace Creek on July 10, 1913. Temperature Normal summer temperatures in Death Valley as often as possible surpass 100Â °F (37Â °C) and the normal August high temperature for Furnace Creek is 113.9Â °F (45.5Â °C). On the other hand, the normal January low is 39.3Â °F (4.1Â °C). The Big Basin Demise Valley is a piece of the U.S. Bowl and Range area as it is a depressed spot encircled by exceptionally high mountain ranges. Topographically, bowl and range geography is framed by shortcoming development in the area that makes the land drop down to shape valleys and land to ascend to frame mountains. Salt in the Land Demise Valley additionally contains salt dish which show that the zone was at one time an enormous inland ocean during the Pleistocene age. As the Earth warmed into the Holocene, the lake in Death Valley vanished to what it is today. The Native Tribe Generally, Death Valley has been home to Native American clans and today, the Timbisha clan, which has been in the valley for in any event 1,000 years, occupies the area. Turning into a National Monument On February 11, 1933, Death Valley was made a National Monument by President Herbert Hoover. In 1994, the territory was re-assigned as a National Park. Vegetation The greater part of the vegetation in Death Valley comprises of low-lying bushes or no vegetation except if almost a water source. At some of Death Valleys higher areas, Joshua Trees and Bristlecone Pines can be found. In the spring after winter downpours, Death Valley is known to have enormous plant and botanical sprouts in its wetter regions. Untamed life Passing Valley is home to a wide range of sorts of little warm blooded creatures, winged animals, and reptiles. There are additionally an assortment of bigger well evolved creatures in the region which incorporate Bighorn Sheep, coyotes, catamounts, unit foxes and mountain lions.To get familiar with Death Valley, visit the official site of Death Valley National Park. References Wikipedia. (2010, March 16). Passing Valley - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Recovered from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_ValleyWikipedia. (2010, March 11). Demise Valley National Park - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Recovered from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_Valley_National_Park

A Readers Guide to Repealing the 8th

A Reader’s Guide to Repealing the 8th In 1983, the people of Ireland went to the polls in a referendum to amend the Constitution of Ireland. 66.9% of the population voted to approve the 8th Amendment, which would recognise the equal right to life of a pregnant woman and the unborn. In 2018, after 35 years of surviving the realities of the 8th Amendment, the people of Ireland returned to the polls and voted to repeal it. Ireland has long been known as among the last bastions of unborn protection in the western world. Across the world, the repeal of the 8th was seen as a ‘blow to the church’, a surprise from a ‘largely Catholic country’ and ‘a quiet revolution’. It was all of these things, but it was also none of them. In October 2012, Savita Halappanavar, aged 31 and 17 weeks pregnant, was admitted to a hospital in Galway with her husband Praveen at her side. She was already miscarrying and requested a termination, but was told by medical staff that she could not have one; as there was still a foetal heartbeat, their hands were tied by the constitution. Within two days, Savita had died of heart failure caused by sepsis, after delivering a stillborn baby girl. Savita’s story is laid out with much more expertise by Kitty Holland in Savita, the Tragedy that Shook a Nation. After her death, protests and vigils were held across Ireland for Savita and online, the campaign came to life in the form of a hashtag: #repealthe8th. For six years, the campaign raged across Ireland before polling day. For many outside of the country, it is hard to imagine an existence where abortion is banned so comprehensively. Pregnant people who suffered rape, incest or fatal foetal abnormality could not access abortion in Ireland. Seeking an abortion is a crime, punishable by a 14-year prison sentence. Women who sought abortions had to ‘get the boat’, pay for travel to the United Kingdom and seek a termination there, no matter how prohibitively expensive. Drenched in shame and with no aftercare, two generations of Irish people faced this fear alone in the dark. Over the years, several cases came before the Supreme Court in Ireland, some of which are featured in The Supreme Court  by Ruadhan Mac Cormaicâ€"among them, the case of the 14-year-old rape victim known only as X, who swore she would rather die than deliver her rapists’s child. There was also Miss Y, the asylum seeker who was pregnant by rape when she arrived in Ireland and went on hunger strikeâ€"she was eventually forced to have the child by way of a cesarean section she did not want. Or Miss P, who was used as a cadaveric incubator for her unborn child after she herself died in a tragic accident; her family had to go to the Supreme Court to have her life support turned off as her body decomposed in a hospital bed. Ireland’s history of mistreating women (and children) is widely known and documented. We have paid a heavy cost for allowing Church institutions to dominate our society for so many generations. Mother and Baby Homes. Magdalene Laundries. Philomena Lee, her lost child and families like hers. Ann Lovett, who gave birth aged 15 at a grotto in rural Ireland, where both she and her child died of hypothermia. The reports of child abuse by senior clerics in the Church. Or the horror story of the Kerry Babies, documented in Nell McCafferty’s A Woman to Blame.  Following Savita’s death and with the start of the campaign to Repeal the 8th, other voices stepped out from the gloom. Women from across Ireland shared their storiesâ€"stories of travelling to England for termination help for fatal foetal abnormalities, only to have a baby’s ashes posted back to Ireland by standard mail. Stories of abusive relationships, pregnancies resulting from rape, pregnancies where poverty was set to take too heavy a toll; pregnancies where Irish women simply felt they could not complete because the weight of it would hurt them so much. Pregnancies where little girls were forced to give birth to their own little ones. Off the back of a popular Facebook page in Ireland, Oh My God What a Complete Aisling by Emer McLysaght and Sarah Breen was a prominent and bestselling novel in Ireland in 2017â€"and with warmth, humour and dignity, it captured the reality of abortion, the heartbreaking realness of it just how close to home it can come. Though it was originally seen as a young woman’s campaign, the vote proved beyond doubt that Ireland’s older generations also felt the burn of the 8th and the toil of the shame on their backs. Posters advocating YES and NO votes hung from poles and walls. Leaflets were printed by the thousand and debates were hot headed and miserable. It was heavy and soul-wearying and I think it fractured us a little as a nation; Ireland has healing to do in its aftermath. I realise this article is incredibly biased in favour of Repealing the 8th Amendment; I was part of the campaign for six long years and was proud that all of my family voted with me. In truth there is not too much published work about maintaining the amendment because it was the status quo for so longâ€"however, Conor ORiordan’s Debating the Eighth: Repeal or Retain offers a series of essays on both sides of the argument from prominent spokespersons and is worth a read to understand the cultural context. You will notice also that many of the books I mention here were written by womenâ€"there is no denying the strength of the feminist movement in Ireland and the overwhelming fact that it changed Ireland forever. This was, predominantly, a women’s revolution. Ireland is a nation of migrants. Last Friday, May 25th, I went #hometovote, with thousands of other Irish people who had the capacity and the money to get there on time. My flight, and many others, were filled with people wearing Repeal jumpers and badges, demanding a better future. I picked up a copy of Repeal the 8th, a collection of creative work edited by Una Mullally, featuring a whole bunch of great feminists including Anne Enright and Tara Flynn. I voted with my family and returned to the airport. I landed in London to see the Exit Polls come in, estimating a near 70% Yes vote in favour. I sat down at my kitchen table and cried for Savita. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

The Workplace Relations Bill 2014 - Free Essay Example

Ireland is currently undergoing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"a challenging social and economic climate for families, the employed and the unemployedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[1] The rate of unemployment is still, unfortunately, very high, despite dropping to 11.7% from a peak of 15.1% in 2012.[2] This uneasy atmosphere leads to an increase in litigation, with more and more employees pursuing claims against their employers. Unfortunately, due to the structure of Irish employment law, litigation in this area can often be a costly, lengthy, and inefficient process, for all parties involved. In fact, a survey undertaken by Dr Barry in 2011 shows that 96 out of 103 practitioners believe that the current system is in need of a complete overhaul.[3] The Workplace Relations Bill, 2014 proposes to significantly change the structure of Irish employment law. Based on the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Blueprint to Deliver a World-Class Workplace Relations Serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (published in April 2012 by the Department of Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation), this Bill, if enacted, will alter the way disputes are resolved between employers and employees in this jurisdiction. The overarching themes of this Bill seem to be about giving priority to speed and simplicity à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this reform is very much welcome, especially considering how convoluted Irish employment law has become. While there are an overwhelming amount of positive changes and tweaks in this Bill that will change the resolution of disputes for the better, certain aspects of the Bill could potentially have a negative impact on the system, mostly due to a lack of detail. In order to assess the potential significance of the Bill, it is necessary to first examine its aims. Overall, according Mr Richard Burton, TD, the goal of the Bill is to create a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"world-class workpla ce relations serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[4] The Explanatory Memorandum states that that the Bill will à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"provide significant benefits for its users and society as a whole. The focus will be on resolving the workplace disputes as quickly and inexpensively as possibleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[5] Merging of Existing Bodies According to Cox, Corbett and Ryan, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"a key distinguishing feature of Irish employment litigation is the multiplicity of different for a in which claims may be broughtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[6] This is huge problem in the current system, one that is unique to Ireland, for numerous reasons that will be examined below. Currently, there are several bodies that deal with workplace relations. These include the Rights Commissioner Service (LRC), the National Employment Rights Authority (NERA), the Equality Tribunal, and the Employment Appeals Tribunal (EAT). The old system is potentially unfair due to the large number of these bodies, some with simil ar functions, making it easy for employees to become daunted, as it is unclear which of the bodies suit their particular claim. This leads to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"forum shoppingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, which requires legal advice à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" yet another cost on top of the litigation. Perhaps even more troubling is the fact that if the claims are directed to the wrong forum, or under the wrong statute, they can become statute-barred before the error of the action is discovered.[7] A good illustration of some of the difficulties multiplicity of fora poses to dispute resolution can be seen in the recent case of Cunningham v Intel Ireland Ltd.[8] This case started out as a discrimination claim against Intel. The litigant in question held a senior role within the company, and claimed that she was discriminated against because of her return from maternity leave. The worker brought an action to the Equality Tribunal (for gender discrimination), as well as a separate action to the High Court (for personal injuries sustained due to her treatment in the workplace). The employer argued the High Court action should dismissed, as it would be unfair to have the same case argued twice. The Courts agreed, citing an old common law rule from the case of Henderson v Henderson,[9] which states that as a matter of public policy, a defendant should not be vexed with having to defend a case in several places. This is extremely harsh, and potentially even infringes on the right to court access. The system is also unfair for employees in the sense that it is possible for several appeals to be heard in a single case, greatly prolonging the proceedings. An extreme example of this can be found in the case of JVC Europe Ltd v Ponisi[10], a case in which an unfair dismissals claim was heard four times, with Mr Ponisi succeeding each time. Mr Justice Charleton referred to this as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"cumbersome and redolent with potential for unfairnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[11] On the other ha nd, from the point of view of the employers, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"employers may often find themselves having to fight a number of fires in different forums all emanating from the same disputeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[12] Overall, the system has been described as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"a chaotic and poorly functioning regimeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[13] The Bill, if enacted, will merge all the existing bodies into a single two-tier system, an action that will potentially get rid of a lot of these difficulties. For the first instance claims, the Workplace Relations Commission (WRC) will be established. Appeals will be brought to an expanded version of the Labour Court. This new system is bound to fix a multitude of problems concerning the multiplicity of fora described above, and is a vast improvement over having four different bodies governing decisions in a similar area. In fact, this system has come recommended by many à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" according to a survey undertaken by Dr Barry, 80% of employment law practitioners support the two-tier system.[14] The two-tier system gets rid of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"forum shoppingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ problem for disputes, as it means that there is only one point of access for employment law litigation. The new system also solves the problem of having such a large number of opportunities by appeal by restricting appeals only to the new Labour Court (s.44), with only one more opportunity to appeal to the High Court, but only on a point of law (s.47). This will ensure that all disputes are efficiently dealt with. Labour Court also promises to be efficient due to the new appeal period (42 days, s.44). The only issue is, again, the expanded scope of potential areas of law which will be decided on there. This is a problem, considering the old Labour Court was mostly specialised in industrial relations issues. There is, however, a slight problem in terms of the logistics of merging all these bodies into one. Dr Barry cites NERAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Ann ual Report 2013, which states that at the moment, NERAà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Workplace Customer Relations Service processes complaints to the Rights Commissioner Service, the Equality Tribunal, the Employment Appeals Tribunal, and the Labour Court à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this amounts to 15,558 complaints for the year, which is a staggering 43 complaints per day.[15] After the merging of the bodies, this task, which at the moment merely directs complaints to the various bodies, will become much more complex, considering that the complaints must now be directed to the various services between the WRC. If this process does not go smoothly, then there is the potential for workplace disputes to remain just as slow-paced as before. Kevin Duffy, the Labour Court chairman, has recently stated that the changes will à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"present many challengesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, and that the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"overall architecture will be differentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, as well as the fact that he anticipates à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"a 56% increase in [their] workloadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[16] Dr Barry suggests some practical methods for ensuring a smooth transfer, such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"strategic preparation for case-transferà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, the development of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"a proper case management system to include an online portalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, as well as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"proper training of staffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[17] Merging the bodies also alleviates another problem the previous system had, which is a lack of consistency in between the judgments. Some practitioners that participated in Dr Barryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s survey referred to above mentioned that Rights Commissioners à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"seem to forget that they are there to make an unbiased decision on the factsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, and that in the EAT, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"it really is a lottery and almost identical cases go either wayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. By merging the bodies into one, it will be easier to maintain an equal standard abo ve the board and make sure that decisions remain consistent. There is also the concern that merging the existing bodies is merely a re-shuffling of existing bodies, meaning that the change might not be as dramatic as it seems on the surface level. Costs The Bill makes no provision as to the possibility of being liable for legal costs. If it is possible for the losing party to be liable for the costs of the winning party, it could prove to be a huge imbalance between the employer and the employee, as due to a lack of funds, an employee may be more apprehensive at attempting to seek justice through the new system. Dr Barry recommends including a liability for costs for vexatious claims, or those with no reasonable prospect of succeeding[18], which is the current method in the UK Employment Tribunals. This will help strike a balance between access to the courts and stopping time-wasting through vexatious claims. Early Dispute Resolution and Mediation One of the key chang es proposed by the Bill is the introduction of early dispute resolution. According to ss.36-40, there will be three new services introduced for resolving disputes in the WRC à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" these will be provided by case resolution officers, mediation officers and adjudicators.[19] The former two will be in charge of facilitating à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the resolution of disputes where possible at an early stage and without recourse to adjudicationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[20] This is relevant for less complex disputes, for instance, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"disputes as to whether an employee has receive information on Terms of Employment or a payslipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[21] The WRC Director General can suggest the parties to make use of the Case Resolution Officer or the Mediation Officer, but the parties can reject this suggestion and instead opt for the Adjudication Officer, who will hold a more formal hearing. Dr Barry makes the argument that having two split positions that, for all intents and pur poses, have the same goal, would be wasteful. The positions of Case Resolution Officers and Mediation Officers are indeed quite similar, and differ only in terms of the complexity of the issues that they deal with. This is why he argues for merging of the two positions, basing his arguments on example services that already exist in the UK such as the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (ACAS) Early Conciliation Service. He also raises the issue with the Adjudication Officers, who will be former Rights Commissioners and Equality Officers from the Equality Tribunal (s.40(3)). The issue is that they may not have enough experience with some of the complexities of other areas of employment law that they will have to examine over the course of their work (s.41(4)), which could lead in some inaccurate judgments. There is also little detail as to how these Officers, with so many responsibilities, will be appointed. Another welcome change is to do with mediat ion à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" whereas previously, formal mediation was mostly available to claims under the Employment Equality Acts,[22] the Bill proposes to offer mediation for all employment rights disputes (s.38). Mediation, as well as other forms of Alternate Dispute Resolution, play an increasingly important role in legal matters. It has been stated that it à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“offers a means of bringing workplace justice to more people, at lower cost andà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it also helps to clear the backlog of cases at statutory dispute resolution institutions and is thus assisting government agencies to meet their societal responsibilities more effectivelyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[23] This quote demonstrates some of the improvements that employers and employees will receive by the incorporation of mediation into every aspect of employment law. Similar mediation programmes have worked well in other jurisdictions. For instance, in Ontario, due to the mandatory mediation programme, 90% of matters do not end up in court. An even better result is achieved by the New Zealand State Mediation Service. The process consists of assessing whether or not mediation is possible before the case goes to court. A staggering 95% of claims do not end up in court due to this system. Although it would be nave to suggest that the same result will be achieved here as soon as the Bill passes, mediation will undoubtedly have a positive impact on the way disputes are resolved between employers and employees.[24] Under s.42, the Adjudication Officer is able to strike out claims that are à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"frivolous or vexatiousà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ This is another example of the Bill attempting to speed up the general process of dispute resolution. This could, however, be potentially be unfair, as it denies the litigant the right to a hearing during a dispute[25]. However, the safeguard of being able to appeal this to the Labour Court seems to potentially alleviate some of these concerns. The above prov isions demonstrate that it seems like the Bill will affect dispute resolution in the sense that the disputes will be settled as early as possible, to ensure efficiency and time management for both the WRC and the Labour Court, and the parties involved. As Kevin Duffy said, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I confidently expect that the changes in the Bill, particularly the provisions in respect of mediation and early resolution, will increase the settlement rate and that cases will settle earlier on, and not at the date of the hearing where the resource of the Court are wastedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[26] Privacy Concerns One key change that will come about if the Bill is enacted is the fact that hearings in the WRC will be held in private. Appeals to the Labour Court, on the other hand, will be held in public. This could have a negative impact on the way disputes are resolved between employers and employees, according to Dr Barry à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" he argues that if privacy is an issue, a threat of an appeal could be used as a sort of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"bargaining chipà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ by one of the parties, making proceedings unfair.[27] There is also, of course, the issue of the argument of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"access to justiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" private hearings are always problematic, unless there are exceptional circumstances that demand it (family law in camera proceedings, for instance). According to the Constitution, justice has to be administered in public, except for à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"special and limited cases as may be prescribed by lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[28] Also, the European Convention on Human Rights features the right à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time by an independent and impartial tribunal established by lawà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[29] An argument could be made comparing this provision to those concerning company law hearings (which can sometimes be held in private). However, in those situations there is a clear provision for when privacy is permitted à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the hearing has to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"involve the disclosure of information the publication of which would be seriously prejudicial to the legitimate interest of the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[30] There is no such provision in the Bill, making it more suspect. These private hearings à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"could undermine the principle of ensuring public confidence in the justice systemà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[31] The extensive powers given to the adjudicators by the Bill are bound to leave both the potential litigants and the public in general in doubt of such a system. If there is no trust in the system, then people might be less likely to use it, causing a negative impact on the way employment law disputes are resolved. Another concern in this area was raised by Noel Dowling, a former trade unionist. He argues that there could be issues with the Bill in the context of unfair dismissals. If the hearings are held in private, this could throw the balance of power in favour of the employer.[32] Compliance with Employment Legislation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Prevention is the best cureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, some would say à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" this statement is an accurate description behind the philosophy behind some of the sections of the Bill. By promoting à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"higher levels of compliance with legislationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢,[33] the bill will be helpful in stopping employment disputes before they begin, saving cost, time and the mental health of participants in the process. Compliance will mostly be enforced by inspectors. Compliance notices are a new feature provided for in the Bill that serves as an example of this. According to s.27 of the Bill, if it is discovered that employment law is not being complied with within the workplace, an Inspector may issue such a notice to the employer. If the notice is not complied with the employer may be prosecuted. To make sure that the balance isnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t entirely tippe d against the employer, (s)he will receive a chance to appeal such a notice in the Labour Court. Another way in which the Bill will attempt to ensure compliance is through à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"fixed charge noticesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, a particular type of fine for certain employment legislation breaches such as failing to produce wage statements to employees, or for failing to provide employees with a written statement of their hourly rate of pay for a pay reference period (s.35). These fines can reach up to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬2,000. Such a fine may be appealed to the District Court. The purpose of this is to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"reduce the need to rely on expensive and time consuming prosecution procedures for the scheduled acts of non-complianceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢.[34] Conclusion The aims of the Workplace Relations Bill, 2014 are noble. It is fair to say that employment law, in Ireland in particular, has become extremely complex and daunting for potential litigants à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" the fa ct that it is often a costly and lengthy process just solidifies the fact that reform is needed. The Billà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s goal of increasing efficiency, through merging several existing bodies into a single two-tier system, coupled with a focus on early dispute resolution, are bound to make resolving disputes between employers and employees a lot easier and stress-free. There are still, however, some concerns with regards to the lack of detail in the Bill, which might be problematic in terms of logistics. This could undermine some of the lofty goal the Bill sets out to achieve. Also, the lack of open hearings, as well as the powers given to the adjudicators could throw the balance of power in favour of one party over the other, making the dispute resolution unfair. Of course, it is very possible that some of these concerns will be alleviated through future amendments to the Bill. Overall, the Bill is a positive step in terms of simplifying employment law. If certain amendme nts and clarifications are made, it will have a significant positive impact on the way disputes between employers and employees are resolved. [1] Labour Relations Commission, Annual Report (2013). [2] Ibid. [3] Dr Brian Barry, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Workplace Relations Bill 2014 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" An Important Opportunity for Workplace Relations Reformà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2014) IELJ 11(4). [4] Legislating for a World-Class Workplace Relations Service: Submission to Oireachtas Committee on Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation (July 2012). [5] Workplace Relations Bill, 2014, Explanatory Memorandum. [6] Neville Cox, Val Corbett and Des Ryan, Employment Law in Ireland (Clarus Press 2009). [7] Legislating for a World-Class Workplace Relations Service: Submission to Oireachtas Committee on Jobs, Enterprise and Innovation (July 2012). [8] [2013] IEHC 207. [9] (1843) 3 Hare 100, [1843] EngR 917, (1843) 67 ER 313. [10][2011] IEHC 279. [11] Ibid. [12] Brian Hutchinson, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Editorialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2014) Commercial Law Practitioner, 8, 174. [13] Tom Mallon, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Employment Law Re formà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2012) IELJ 3, 76-80. [14] Dr Brian Barry, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Workplace Relations Bill 2014 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" An Important Opportunity for Workplace Relations Reformà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2014) IELJ 11(4). [15] Ibid [16] Kyran Fitzgerald and Andy Prendergast, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Changes to Stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Dispute Resolution Bodies to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Profound and Revolutionaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2014) IRN 42. [17] Dr Brian Barry, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Workplace Relations Bill 2014 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" An Important Opportunity for Workplace Relations Reformà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2014) IELJ 11(4). [18] Ibid. [19] Workplace Relations Bill, 2014, ss.36-40. [20] Ibid. [21] Workplace Relations Bill, 2014, Explanatory Memorandum. [22] Employment Equality Acts 1998-2008, s.78. [23] Hanneli Bendeman, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ADR in the Workplace à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" The South African Experienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2007) African Jon Conflic t Journal 7(139). [24] Dr Barry, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Workplace Relations Bill 2014 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Reforming Employment Dispute Resolution in Irelandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" TCD Lecture. [25] Lyons v Financial Services Ombudsman [2011] IEHC 422. [26] Kyran Fitzgerald and Andy Prendergast, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Changes to Stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Dispute Resolution Bodies to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Profound and Revolutionaryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2014) IRN 42. [27] Dr Brian Barry, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Workplace Relations Bill 2014 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" An Important Opportunity for Workplace Relations Reformà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2014) IELJ 11(4). [28] The Constitution of Ireland, Art.34.1 °. [29] European Convention on Human Rights, Art.6(1). [30] Companies Acts (1963-2008), s.205(7). [31] Claire Bruton, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Editorialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2014) IELJ 11(4). [32] Noel Dowling, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Unfair Dismissals Powers That Be Set to Squeeze the Little Person?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (2014) IRN 37, 22-23. [33] Workplace Relations Bill, 2014, Explanatory Memorandum. [34] Workplace Relations Bill, 2014, Explanatory Memorandum.

Eye Motif in Night by Elie Wiesel - 959 Words

The Soul’s Mirror Eyes have guided mankind throughout all history, whether they allowed us to foresee danger or helped us find our loved ones. They have granted us sight over what would otherwise be invisible to us. When looking at someone, one can tell how they are feeling by staring into his or her eyes. Our eyes never lie. Our eyes will often mirror our souls and display our true inner emotions. In Elie Wiesel’s autobiographical narrative, Night, he uses the eye motif to portray characters’ true souls. In some parts of the narrative, Night, Wiesel used eyes to display the hope and positive emotion in characters. In the beginning of the story, eyes were used as an indication of Moche the Beadle’s calmness in the following quote. â€Å"I†¦show more content†¦His eyes show he is still alive, but his soul’s essence is dimmed and now weak; he is near death. The following event happens before a selection and Akiba Drumer instantly gives up ho pe. â€Å"Suddenly his eyes would become blank, nothing but two open wounds, two pits of terror† (Wiesel 82). While Akiba may still be physically alive, his eyes show how his soul is now dead and overwhelmed by terror; he is now a mere walking corpse. Elie and his father are seeking shelter from the frozen temperature in the brick factory in the next scene. â€Å"His eyes were petrified, his lips withered, decayed† (Wiesel 94). Elie’s father’s eyes show how he has been reduced to a brittle stone that is about to crack. Elie Wiesel used eyes as a motif in his narrative, Night, as windows to characters’ inner souls. He used eyes to assist the theme of surviving at all costs throughout the story by giving the audience an insight of people’s true emotions and status. Without eyes, we would have been blind to see past characters’ outer layers of fake emotion. There is more than the eye can see. One has to look deep into another’s ey es to see the true light or darkness within them. Works Cited Wiesel, Elie. Night. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,Show MoreRelatedThe Holocaust : Extreme Evil1025 Words   |  5 Pagescost. Elie Wiesel witnesses this first hand on many accounts and spends his life striving to educate the world about the horrors of the Holocaust. In his Holocaust memoir, Night, he uses the motifs: night, silence, and flames, to develop the idea that evil is part of human nature. The motif flames symbolizes suffering and death of innocent people out evil and intolerance within human nature. The Nazis senselessly follow orders to burn millions of people, sentencing them to their death. Wiesel noticesRead MoreThe Theme of Darkness in Night by Elie Wiesel1514 Words   |  7 Pagesthan what is first apparent on the surface. In the novel Night by Elie Wiesel, the theme of night and darkness is prevalent throughout the story and is used as a primary tool to convey symbolism, foreshadowing, and the hopeless defeat felt by prisoners of Holocaust concentration camps. Religion, the various occurring crucial nights, and the many instances of foreshadowing and symbolism clearly demonstrate how the reoccurring theme of night permeates throughout the novel. Faith in a higher powerRead More Holocaust Essay3093 Words   |  13 Pagesbetween day and night is defined by an absolute line of division. For the Jewish culture in the twentieth century, the dissimilarity between life and death is bisected by a definitive line - the Holocaust. Accounts of life during the genocide of the Jewish culture emerged from within the considerable array of Holocaust survivors, among of which are Elie Wiesel’s Night and Simon Wiesenthal’s The Sunflower. Both accounts of the Holocaust diverge in the main concepts in each work; Wiesel and WiesenthalRead MoreSummary Of Night Double Entry Journal 1329 Words   |  6 Pages Ms. Williams 9-2-14 English 11 Honors – 4 Night Double Entry Journal I. Write one important quote from each chapter with the page number and explain its significance to the plot of the novel. Think about why that quote was particularly significant within the plot and to the main characters. Text from Night My Response/Analysis Chapter 1: †As far as I’m concerned, this whole business of deportation is nothing but a big farce. Don’t laugh. They just want to steal our valuables and jewelry. TheyRead MoreTheme Of Identity In Night By Elie Wiesel1398 Words   |  6 Pagesworld of Eliezer Wiesel. His eye-opening story is one of millions born from the Holocaust. Elie’s identity, for which he is known by, is written out word for word his memoir, Night. Throughout his journey, Elie’s voice drifts from that of an innocent teen intrigued with the teachings of his religion to that of a soul blackened by a theoretical evil consuming that of the Nazis and Hitler’s Germany. Elie Wiesels memoir, Night, examines the theme of identity through the continuous motifs of losing one’sRead MoreLiteratures Unique Talent: The Bluest Eye, Night, Flowers for Algernon1880 Words   |  8 Pagessociety by letting the readers experience the bias treatment through words and how the characters felt. T his makes the readers connect and think more deeply about the injustices that are happening in the world today. In The Bluest Eye, by Toni Morrison, Night, written by Elie Wiesel, and Flowers for Algernon, by Daniel Keyes, each author uses literary devices such as tone, symbolism, and character to inform society of its injustices. However, each writer approaches the theme of social injustices differently

Marijuana Decriminalization Essay - 1420 Words

The Canadian government has created many laws with the intention of ameliorating the quality of life of its citizens. Unfortunately, in some instances these laws and policies become public nuisances that do more harm than good. This has become the case with the federal government’s decision to criminalize marijuana under the Narcotics Act. This legislation was created by bureaucrats without fully weighing its advantages and disadvantages in an attempt to protect Canadian citizens from the effects of marijuana, which include a loss of coordination and temporary memory loss. As a result of passing this law the Canadian justice system is clogged with marijuana offenders whose lives are being ruined at great expense to taxpayers, and the†¦show more content†¦The sheer number of marijuana related court cases has hampered the ability of the Canadian legal system to arrest and to prosecute more serious offenders, as $1 billion in police resources are wasted annually catching marijuana offenders and the courts struggle to process all of these arrests. Young males make up the majority of the offenders, with 86% being under the age of 25 and with 90% being male (Rebick A19). Even more alarming is the fact that 67% of the arrests made were for simple possession of marijuana, meaning that these people were just recreational users, not traffickers. This law banning marijuana has unsuccessfully attempted to stop marijuana use, albeit it has successfully managed to ruin the lives of a large number of young Canadian males. Some of these young men attend high school and university, and some of have jobs, pay taxes and contribute to the economy. According to Carey, the criminalization of marijuana has unfairly given 600, 000 Canadians with bright futures a permanent stigma by shackling them with criminal records (A1). Banning marijuana in Canada has wasted the time of the police and the courts and in doing so has also wasted the lives of valuable Canadian citizens. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In addition to wasting valuable taxpayer money, the criminalization of marijuana has prevented the government and industry from experiencing an economic windfall. In Canada alone, about 50, 000 people are charged withShow MoreRelated Decriminalization of Marijuana in Canada Essays1352 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is currently a hot topic of debate throughout Canada, and has been for the past few years. 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Some people support the legalization of marijuana for medical and entertainment purposes because they believe that it can solve a number of problems. However, it should keep the illegal state for any purpose because legalizing marijuana will cre ate more potential problems. This essay will talk about two important reasons for keepingRead MoreDecriminalization of Marijuana Essay examples986 Words   |  4 PagesDecriminalization of Marijuana Think for a minute about alcohol. Its something we are well accustomed to in our every day lives. We associate it with celebrations, parties, relaxation, and many other things that involve leisure. What else do we associate alcohol with? How about drunk driving and the deaths that occur as well. The thought of alcoholism and the destruction of the body as well families might spring in to mind. Now think about marijuana. 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Many states are actually beginning to decriminalize, and even legalize, marijuana use for medical perposes. In fact, two states, Washington and Colorado, have legalized the recreational use of marijuana for anybody over the age of twenty-one since

Greek And Roman Influence On Western Civilization Essay

Western civilization is what we call modern society that mainly includes North America and Western Europe. But how did this western way of life come to be? Their are many different ways but mainly through ancient cultures. The two main ones are the Greek and Roman. Greece with their golden age and Rome with its great Empire and Republic and also together. Their are many ways in which western civilization is like the ancient Greek civilization. They started the Olympic games. Greeks come up with the idea of an alphabet that it still used today. They were the first to think of the idea of democracy. They had common people participate in their government and to elect a leader. Their trials had an actual jury made up of†¦show more content†¦Romanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s also invented the numeral system that is still being used. First to have people living in apartments and to think up a welfare system. Romanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s were even the ones that gave the planets their names. Because of all these things Rome had a big impact on western culture. Rome and Greece both had a major impact on the architecture of western civilization. Rome invented concrete which is the #1 thing used in building today. They also used brick and glass. While the Greekà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s used marble, which is still applied today. They both built big, beautiful structures, many which are still standing. The Greek invention of the column, and Rome with there favorite architecture shape, the arch, are both still very much used in the present especially on government and capital buildings. Greece thought up the idea of making sculptors of real people not just gods or animals. And they made it symmetrical which is how sculptors make them to this day. Romanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s invented aqueducts and sewers. They built great roads that were all connected and some are even still being walked on. All of these things are a very big part of how we construct our buildings and cities. In conclusion, with the Greek and Roman ideas and inventions they were able to have a lasting effect on the world. In one way or another Greek and Roman civilizations have helped develop math, science, literature, philosophy,Show MoreRelatedAncient Greek And Romes Impact On Western Literature1642 Words   |  7 Pages The impact greek and roman culture had on western civilization The ancient Greeks and Romans were two of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world. The two civilizations thrived in their ancient environments which eventually led to a large amount of wealth within these two cultures. It is because of this that these ancient cultures were able to make a variety of advancements in literature, architecture, art and many other fields. These two civilizations also produced some of the ancient world’sRead MoreGreek And Roman Civilizations : Greece And Ancient Civilizations1498 Words   |  6 Pages Greek and Roman Civilizations In examining the impact that the ancient world has had on modern Western civilization, the two ancient civilizations which are frequently understood as having had the greatest influence are Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. These two civilizations would eventually come to shape much of what would become the modern European culture, politics and society, and by extension, a vast proportion of global culture and society. In examining the trajectory of modern historyRead MoreGreek And Roman Civilizations : Greece And Ancient Civilizations1503 Words   |  7 Pages Greek and Roman Civilizations In examining the impact that the ancient world has had on modern Western civilization, the two ancient civilizations which are frequently understood as having had the greatest influence are Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. These two civilizations would eventually come to shape much of what would become the modern European culture, politics and society, and by extension, a vast proportion of global culture and society. In scrutinizing the trajectory of modern historyRead MoreCivilization is Connected from the Mesopotamians to the Powerful Roman Empire836 Words   |  4 Pagesplethora of events, people, and concepts that have left an enduring influence. Society has developed many components which became foundational to Western culture from the Mesopotamian civilizations to the emergence of the Romans. The contributions of a variety of cultures shaped the course of Western history. The Mesopotamians and Egyptians are among the first civilizations to make a valuable contribution to Western Civilization. Both Babylonians and Egyptians managed to produce written systemsRead MoreEarly Western Civilization: Molded by Conflict or Consensus842 Words   |  3 Pages The question has been posed whether early Western Civilization was molded by conflict between civilizations or by consensus between divergent civilizations. Although it can be argued that both conflict and consensus have affected the development of Western Civilization, one of these has had more of an influence than the other. As early as Ca 3000, at the dawn of civilization, there has been conflict. When the city-states of Sumer were established, warfare and competition broke out due to disagreementsRead MoreThe Differences Between Greeks And Romans1225 Words   |  5 PagesGreeks and Romans civilization achievements were put into the categories of politics, religion, and intellectualism. Religion has p erformed a major role in developments of societies. The main points that will be discussed in this paper are the overall benefits and consequences of religion, and the changes that were made. The beginnings of Christianity are very blurry, as far as historical fact is concerned. The tragedy of the Roman invasion resulted in the Greeks having to change there out lookRead MoreImportance of History Essay905 Words   |  4 Pagesalso to see the good influences that molded the world and culture we live in. The ancient civilizations of the Greeks, Hebrews and Romans contributed to our modern civilization, not just the eastern-European but western civilization as well. Those cultures and civilizations shaped eastern-European culture which intern shaped our western culture, so for us to truly study our cultural history we must revert back to the values and ideals of these first civilizations. Our modern western culture is intellectualRead MoreThe Influences On Western Civilization1559 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influences on Western Civilization by the Hebrew-Christian and Greco-Roman Traditions Western Civilization, as it is known today, is a coalescence of various cultures, ideologies, and practices that have been preserved over centuries of human life. Although a countless number of societies have influenced Western Civilization, Hebrew-Christian civilizations and Greco-Roman civilizations have been the two most influential. Both of these civilizations and their traditions have left equally deepRead MoreThe Contrast and Comparison Between the Ancient Greeks and Romans1483 Words   |  6 PagesThe ancient Greeks and Roman civilizations both began their histories with the emergence of city states. Both of these civilizations made contributions to the Middle East. The Greeks had made a wild spread of discoveries on several fields. This included astronomy by Ptolemy, geometry by Euclid, and the philosophy of the Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius of his Stoic philosophy. Because the Greeks were widely known as a creative and prestigious race, the Romans were influenced by the Ili ad (Homer’s legendaryRead MoreAncient Greece And Roman Civilizations790 Words   |  4 Pagesancient Greek society would practice beliefs and traditions that would lead to the development of advanced civilizations. It started as the Greeks beliefs which would help develop the Roman society, which would later lead to contributing to the development of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantines would help influence Europe during the Middle Ages, and Europe’s ideas and practices would lead to helping and impacting the modern western civilization with their ideas and beliefs. The Greeks showed influence

Acceptance of the Homosexual Lifestyle An Evaluation and...

Acceptance of the Homosexual Lifestyle: An Evaluation and Comparison between the United States and Other Locations The idea of homosexual behavior has created a number of responses worldwide. Currently, the United States has many levels of acceptance of homosexuality. There are places on this earth that have the same outlook as the United States, and there are places that are completely opposite. By looking at these different perspectives, the public could obtain some valuable points in the battle of acceptance. My objective is to give these old ideas a new audience, to show the wide range of acceptance throughout the world, and to compare the United States and other nations challenged to acknowledge a different lifestyle. There†¦show more content†¦There are hate crimes committed far too often to homosexuals who have â€Å"come out.† On February 23, 2004, Ronn Mattai was attacked at a nightclub in Ontario, Canada. A broken glass was thrown at his face, and the attacker continued to slash Mattai’s face with the jagged edges. Police said it was the direct result of a anti-gay hate crime (Morisson, 2004). Then there is another side; there is progress. Openness to this different lifestyle has increased as the times go on. In the United States, we can look at the rise in public attention for the homosexual minority. You can’t open a newspaper without seeing an article on civil unions. The U.S. market aims a whole new line of advertising at homosexuals. For example, PlanetOUT.com is, â€Å"the leading provider of media products and online services to gay and lesbian consumers worldwide† (PR Newswire, 2004). They have launched an online television channel dedicated to the homosexual population (PR Newswire, 2004). Personally, this year alone I have witnessed, heard of, and participated in more public displays in favor of acceptance for different lifestyles than I ever have before. Look at television. There are numerous shows which include gay characters or actors, to name a few Will Grace, Queer Eye for the Straight Guy, Real World, and Dismissed. People are beginning to open their eyes, but that is only a beginning, and much more progress is needed. Until the majority of the population canShow MoreRelatedFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesAccount Manager Training and implementation support www.wileyplus.com/accountmanager MAKE IT YOURS! Fundamentals of Human Resource Management Tenth Edition David A. DeCenzo Coastal Carolina University Conway, SC Stephen P. Robbins San Diego State University San Diego, CA Tenth Edition Contributor Susan L. Verhulst Des Moines Area Community College Ankeny, IA John Wiley Sons, Inc. Associate Publisher Executive Editor Senior Editoral Assistant Marketing Manager Marketing AssistantRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pages3 HR TRANSITIONS HR Management Contributes to Organizational Success More effective management of human resources (HR) increasingly is being seen as positively affecting performance in organizations, both large and small. A joint venture between General Electric and a Japanese company, GE Fanuc is a manufacturer of factory automation and control products. Headquartered in Virginia with 1,500 employees, the HR department primarily performed administrative support activities. But when DonaldRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. 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Dowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions:

Illegal Immigration Free Essays

Americans on a daily basis are bombarded with broadcasts from newspapers, television, and special interest groups on the economic burdens created by illegal immigrants. Reports and statistics of growing state and local deficits; is it fact or fiction? In reality, undocumented Mexicans are necessary to the health of our economy. They provide a workforce in agriculture they keep the costs down; they contribute millions in taxes annually they help to stabilize the economy. We will write a custom essay sample on Illegal Immigration or any similar topic only for you Order Now Immigrants after all, are not just workers, but consumers and demand for products and services which in turn creates new jobs. In fact our economy needs illegal immigrants to help in stabilizing our economy. The negativity towards the millions that cross over our borders illegally has been expressed in a multitude of ways. Broadcasted across the nation are accounts of the economic burden of illegal immigration. The net fiscal cost of immigration ranges from $11 billion to $22 billion per year, with most government expenditures on immigrants coming from state and local coffers. (Center for Immigration Studies, 2007). Network news promote stories on the economic burdens of illegal immigrants. Local newspapers mirror stories on the costs illegal immigrants have on healthcare and education for local and state municipalities. Some other real statistics Americans look at that fuel their distaste for illegal immigration were found and posted by the Illegal Immigration Statistics are: * Real Statistics Less than 2% of all illegal immigrants in the US are working crop fields, but 41% are on welfare. Over 43% of all issued food stamps go to illegal immigrants. * Over 41% of all US unemployment checks go to illegal immigrants. Nearly 1/3 of all federal and state prisons are illegal immigrants – costing taxpayers over $1. 6 billion annually. 58% of all US welfare payments go to illegal immigrants. (Bruce, Mauriello, 2010) Americans of all backgrounds are still seriously concerned about the negative impact of illegal immigration, such as with the number of bankrupted hospitals, overcrowded schools, and increased crime. Taxpayers pay dearly for this, the high cost of so-called â€Å"cheap labor† for some unscrupulous employers and their political allies who for decades have watered down immigration laws. For example, in California alone, as of 2004 the net cost of illegal immigration to taxpayers is estimated to be nearly $9 billion annually. Strong feedback from focus groups of citizen activists who take some part in the struggle to have America’s borders secured and existing immigration laws enforced, tell us these reasons why they are so alarmed: * Anchor Babies: Birthright Citizenship Exploited * Depreciated Wages for Americans and Legal Immigrants * Not Speaking English, loss of common language * Stolen American Taxpayer Resources: Tuition, Welfare, Licenses * Closed and Overcrowded Hospitals and Emergency Rooms Document Fraud In recent polls taken 78% of likely voters were opposed to legalizing the status of the estimated 12 million illegal immigrants in the U. S. (Pulse Opinion Research, LLC, September, 2009). 61% of likely American voters oppose providing a path to US citizenship for those illegal immigrants who entered the United States illegally, and who fraudulently obtained green cards and Social Security numbers, when millions are playing by the rules and waiting in their countries to enter the United States legally, (April 2007, McLaughlin and Associates Poll). Yet this controversy over the economic burdens illegal immigrants have on local state municipalities is one that can be subjected to debate. In states where there are high numbers of illegal immigration you will find low percentages of unemployment. In fact the overall economy of states such as California, Texas, and Arizona has somehow remained fairly stable throughout the past few years. Time and again news worthy stories will outwardly display the attitude that millions of dollars in state funding goes towards the education of the children of illegal immigration not to mention the burden they have on our health care systems. All true and yet, rarely spoken is the flipside of this coin where statistics from the Bloomberg Business Week has stated: Each year, for example, the U. S. Social Security Administration maintains roughly $6 billion to $7 billion of Social Security contributions in an â€Å"earnings suspense file† — an account for W-2 tax forms that cannot be matched to the correct Social Security number. The vast majority of these numbers are attributable to undocumented workers who will never claim their benefits. If those funds could be earmarked for local support, they would make a sizable dent in education costs. Local school districts are estimated to educate 1. 8 million undocumented children. At an average annual cost of $7,500 (averages vary by jurisdiction) per student, the cost of providing education to these children is about $11. 2 billion. That means roughly half of the education costs for undocumented immigrant children could be met if these Social Security funds could be redirected. (Robert McNatt, Frank Benassi, 2006) The politics of these types of unused benefits and how they are used will probably never resolve themselves. It clearly might be a tremendous offset to the overburdened municipalities. Undocumented workers on the clock seem to be giant contributors to our social security administration. With those deductions comes a bank of millions in state, local, and federal taxing. But for every dollar on the clock you will find two dollars off. After living in Southern California for twenty years it’s not a secret that every home depot is a jackpot of day laborers at the ready. For $40 a day and the price of a lunch you’ve bought yourself a day laborer. Here is a recent graph of their contribution to the workforce: Agriculture alone houses and employed thousands of illegal immigrants. Without whom farmers could hardly afford to harvest their crops. Regardless of the debate over illegal immigration, we have to weigh the advantages over the disadvantages. Sure they contribute millions of dollars to our economy on every level. From sales tax to real estate tax and every other tax out there they are by far an asset. Illegal immigrants help to stabilize low-paying job markets; they pick up the slack of citizens who are unwilling to work in trades that require little or no education and pay very little. Agriculture alone without migrant workers and undocumented workers would not be able harvest their crops at a cost acceptable to the overall market. Without their efforts in this workforce every citizen would burden the elevated costs of our produce. Without their numbers crops would die on the vine. Farmers everywhere would suffer and perhaps have to park their trackers permanently. If every undocumented worker currently filling those jobs on farms be suddenly unavailable America would be in a crisis. It would be an undaunting task to hire new workers to replace them. The cost increase at the super markets would put our economy into a tailspin. Farm labor contractors and most other employees in the California’s multibillion-dollar agriculture industry rely almost exclusively on illegal immigrants. Fake documentation is readily available with farm workers pretending to be legal residents and employers pretender they don’t know any better. As stated by Joseph Riofrio, a city councilman for the town of Mendota, California, â€Å"It’s a necessary game. If this game doesn’t continue, then the fruit isn’t picked, the vegetable aren’t picked, and the vibrant agriculture industry stops. †(Chris Collins, 2010) And yet without these very immigrants the building of our great nation would have suffered greatly. I will help you take a journey throughout a brief part of American history concerning illegal immigration and look in depth into the economic effects it has on the United States. With facts and figures along with individual testimony you may find yourself having the very subject you were once definitive about, and the stand you once took start to sway. Try to leave behind your thoughts on the subject matter, consider and listen while I share with you compiled research on the subject matter. This paper will present a different account of illegal immigration that will convincingly argue their presence as more beneficial than Americans would have been led to believe; which in fact, our economy needs immigrants and relies on them to help stabilize aspects of our economy. Undocumented workers overall create new jobs through living here and having the same life-style demands as we do. They have cell phones, enjoy cable TV; they purchase vehicles they require fueling up on a regular basis. They buy food, cigarettes, liquor; they get haircuts, and go to restaurants. Illegal immigrants seem to have very little impact on unemployment rates. Overall, illegal immigrants don’t have a big impact on U. S. wage rates. That’s because most Americans don’t directly compete with illegal immigrants for jobs. Also, by filling these unskilled labor openings, illegal immigration contributes to keeping the U.  S, economy prosperous and affluent. Those undocumented workers represent $56 billion dollars in earnings, $6 billion in Social Security, and $1. 5 billion for Medicare. The economic benefits of illegal immigration are two-fold: taxes and spending, (Andre Tartar, 2009). The U. S. economy indeed benefits from illegal immigrants in who supply foreign workforce that complements rather than competes with the local workforce in the United States. It’s hard to imagine that illegal immigrants contribute in a positive way to our economy but they do. Bibliography http://immigration.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=000788 How to cite Illegal Immigration, Essay examples Illegal Immigration Free Essays When it comes to the country as a whole, everyone has an opinion on how to change it. Most of the time we don’t see eye to eye, but I’m pretty sure we can agree on one thing†¦. Illegal Immigration is a huge problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Illegal Immigration or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s something that should’ve been controlled a long time ago and it wasn’t. Now that the issue is out of control, everyone has their hands up in the air and coming up with the most drastic â€Å"solutions†. The issue of illegal immigration really became a big issue when the economy started going down the tubes. It was then that with a tighter control on the country’s budget, we truly realized how much of our aid was going to illegal immigrants. This issue has been on the media for some time. It really came to center stage during this last election. Everything seemed to simmer down just a bit that was until this most recent election. During one of the debates, Mitt Romney made his stance on illegal immigration. As most people know he is against it. It was his later comments that added fuel to the already burning fire. He said that under his administration, he would make so hard on immigrants that they would ask to be deported. I think we can agree that this is extremely harsh method. In order to fix this problem drastic measure must be taken. I personally believe that the key is stopping them before they get here. It’s hard to get illegal immigrants out of the country once their already in. One way to do this is to have tighter security in the Mexican side of the border. If they get through the border in their country and get caught in the US, they should get arrested or fined. Currently if they catch you, they just send you back. If they were to get arrested this would show them, that we are not playing games. I am a strong supporter of securing our borders. Another way to stop illegal immigrations is to enforce visa rules. If a person is awarded a 6 month visa, that doesn’t mean they can stay forever. It is the job of Immigration officials to keep track of visas. Once their visa is about to expire, the person should get notified. They need to know that overstaying your visa is a civil offense. Although I would love to see that changed and made a federal crime. Since I started studying the issue of illegal immigration a lot of my views have changed. I used to be very pro illegal immigration. One of the issues that I feel very strongly about is birthright citizenship, I’m against it. Instead of coming to this country to make a better themselves, some people come here just to have American babies. They need to know that this is not ok; it’s not fair to the innocent children and us who work hard. There are a lot of countries that have abolished this practice. I think America needs to step up and do the same thing. Although it really doesn’t come as a surprise, there are some crimes associated with illegal immigrants. People come here escaping the law they have broken in their countries, but they also break the law here. Other big thing is there is a lot of gang activity among immigrants. Once they come here, they are faced with the realization, that there’s not much they can do as illegal aliens. It is because of this that they turn to a life of crime. There needs to be a global system for crime data. By having this system, Immigration officers can check if the people who are trying to come in are tied to any illegal activity in their countries. Illegal Immigration is an issue that is not going away time some. This something that I am very passionate about. After all I am Hispanic and came from a family of immigrants. There are some people that think I am betraying my culture, because of my views. The truth is that I have seen how people can come to this country and succeed, the right way. By right way I mean, following the laws of this country. We all reap what we sow; if you do things right then you will enjoy the great benefits. How to cite Illegal Immigration, Papers

Visual Analysis Copy free essay sample

The brilliant lemon-yellow color used as the background and rigorous design Of the floral Objects caught my attention immediately, and the exotic landscape in the main scene indicates its unique historical value as a product of Chinese exports trade. As a native of Canton (also called as Swoon-chow)r am honored to learn that this Lidded Chinese Canton Enamel Vase is part of the Asian Art Collection in the M. I. A. And I consider it as an exquisite item among various Chinese ceramics in M. I. A.This Lidded Chinese Canton Enamel Vase bears a Ganglion reign mark indicating it was manufactured during Ganglion period (1 736 1 795) of the King Dynasty. It is a baluster-shaped vase with a flared foot and short, wasted neck. The final, luxurious gilding of rim and base indicate a second firing had been completed. The vase is 23. CM in height, moderate in size yet relatively deep. This elegant vase is decorated entirely in colored glaze enamels that make its surface extremely smooth. Multiple bright colors used in this enamel vase with a warm lemon-yellow ground project a pleasant and harmonious mood.The scroll of rosebud on the lid is pink, shaded with a rose-purple color. Its vigorous design is neatly crafted. The vase has various geometric shapes that are not identical due to different widths in rim, shoulder, and base. However, the overall layout of this vase is strongly harmonious, and its movement is fairly stable and rhythmic. The rim, shoulder and base are all decorated with bands of twisted ribbons. The first pink and yellow twisted ribbons decorated within interlaced borders run below the rim. Stylized roses and chrysanthemums are paneled on the neck, alternately in profile and full face, finely shaded with three-pointed leaves.A band of hooked leaves are drawn eight below the floral buds, presenting an effective contrast between bold and delicate elements. Underneath the leaves is another band of cloud motif filling with tendrils and flowers around the shoulder. On the shoulder, two dragonhead-like knobs, from which loose gilt-copper ring-handles are suspended, are positioned at the widest point of the body. The stepped, domed cover has a gilt-cooper final. Next, filling the background behind the crouched are scattered chrysanthemums, peonies, and camellia.The horizontal design of camellias is outlined in cobalt blue; the charming harassment are outlined in orange; while the peonies bouquet is outlined in rose-purple with leaves and stems in black. The main dabbed-on background is lemon-yellowish with fine speckles of black. The hanging orange peonies to the left is fringed with drop-like pistils. Besides, the color of rose collar becomes lighten from the outer edges of the petals towards the center, which has yellow stamens and black pistils. Leaves are green, in varied paler and darker tones.The smaller leaves are shaded in grey, and the larger ones are alternately pale and turquoise-green. All floral objects are rush-painted with a curvilinear stroke, soft and light, starting from the center of the flower; leaves, too, are painted in lightly modulated strokes. The main body of this Chinese Canton Enamel Vase was painted in delicately colored enamels with a countryside landscape with figures. The large crouched depicts a pastoral scene with a lady and two children with European style dressing. The rosy-cheeked woman sits down with an instrument on her thigh.On her curly hair, she is wearing an iron red ribbon with broad gold- stripe. As for clothes, the lady wears blue gold-edged bodice and a skirt with triples in pale purple and yellow. On her right side, a little boy holds up a bottle of beverage. He is wearing a brimmed lilac hat on his brown hair, a blue coat with lilac lining, yellow trousers, and lilac shoes. The costume is adorned with tied ribbons in colors and trimming in gold. Under the tree, there is another boy in prone position enjoying the wonderful scene. In the background, the dramatic landscape is made up of low and rolling hills, residential houses, trees and river streams.This scene enclosed within borders formed by the interlinked rue-hi motifs. All borders painted on this enamel vase are slender, smooth and dominant horizontal. Multiple geometrical borders described above have also repeated on the base of the vase. In addition, a band of stylized lapis-blue twisted ribbons across a brown rope decorates the foot. Overall, this extremely dedicated enamel vase has naturalistic characteristics and auspicious emblems that reflect the cutting edge of the Swoon-glazed porcelain. While Chinese ceramic arts rapidly developed during the Mining and King dynasties, it reached new heights in Canton.This Chinese Canton Enamel Vase was made with a unique manufacturing technology known as the Swoon glazed technique, a decoration style similar to fennec (Powdery colors). The following paragraphs will discuss the artistic and historical value of the Swoon- glazed decoration style. Sherman Lee says, The greatest innovations in King porcelains are to be found in the enamel-decorated wares. (Lee, IPPP) Specifically, unprecedented achievement is shown in the development of families rose, which was also utilized for imperial porcelain of surpassing quality called Raised Enamel (falling) decoration.By the very end of the Kananga Period, the falling decoration had developed to become fennec (powdery colors, Lee, IPPP), a style in which an opaque white pigment mixed with colored enamels to produce opaque and delicately variegated tints and shades. Particularly, Swoon-glazed d ecoration is believed to be a very similar style to fennec. These styles are noted for their fine paste, brilliant glazes, luxuriant colors, exquisite carving and versatile forms. Most importantly, Swoon-glazed and fennec styles reveal Western influence through novel and creative design.Swoon-glazed decoration shows that the craftsmen ad not only inherited the traditions of the past but had also made significant innovations. By comparing similar families rose objects that were produced around the same period, such as the Baluster vase, Bottle vase, and Bowl (Figs. 679, 680, 681), to the fennec Bowl (CPA. 55), one can clearly see the similarity and difference between families rose and Swoon-glazed decoration styles. As for similarity, yellow, red, blue and purple are the most regularly used colors in both kinds. Both families rose and Swoon-glazed wares are decorated with floral motifs with designs vigorously drawn. Decorations of caches and peonies are also popularly used in both styles. In addition, both decoration styles required a second time firing at a lower temperature after the color had been painted on glazed porcelain. Background Color used and exterior design appear to be the major distinctions between Swoon-glaze and families rose decoration styles. First, colors used on Swoon-glazed wares and the fennec Bowl (CPA. 55) have brilliant yellow backgrounds.Other colors used are much sharper and brighter than those used on families rose wares. Next, families rose wares show conservative design in distinctive Chinese features, which were suited to the tastes of the literati and officials in feudal China. For instance, King style landscape and oriental style objects such as water lilies, cherry blossoms and bamboo trees are frequently used on families rose wares, whereas roses, violet, and lily, fruits are more commonly seen on Swoon-glazed wares that were tailored for merchandise exports.Additionally, Swoon-glaze craftsmen adopted western artistic styles in order to produce export goods that pleased foreigners. Therefore, using western painting subjects is one unique characteristic of Swoon;glazed decoration that fraternities it from families rose. The subject matter of these wares is extensive: flowers, western landscape, churches and missionaries. Oftentimes, painters imitated archaic glazes. These Western themes made sense because Swoon-glazed ware was predominantly produced for export trade. The birthplace of Swoon-glazed wares, Canton, is located close to the sea and at the mouth of the pearl River with well developed rive and land route. It has been regarded as the center of foreign trade, as well as one of the important starting points of the Silk Road on The Sea. Therefore, Swoon- lazed wares rapidly achieved their international reputation thanks to Cantons well-developed export trade, which spurred the market for regional handicrafts.